First-tier Tribunal Determines Fair Rent for London Property

OUTCOME: Allowed

FR27 First-tier Tribunal – Property Chamber File Ref No. LON/00AW/F77/2024/0682

Notice of the Tribunal Decision

Rent Act 1977 Schedule 11

Address of Premises The Tribunal members were [ADDRESS], [POSTCODE]

[NAME]

Landlord [APPELLANT] c/o [APPELLANT]

Tenant [NAME] [APPELLANT]

1. The fair rent is £2,190 Per Calendar month (excluding water rates and council tax but including any amounts in paras 3&4)

2. The effective date is 31 January 2025

3. The amount for services is £322.58 Per Calendar month

4. The amount for fuel charges (excluding heating and lighting of common parts) not counting for rent allowance is

£63.73 Per Calendar month

5. The rent is not to be registered as variable.

6. The capping provisions of the Rent Acts (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999 apply (please see calculation overleaf).

7. Details (other than rent) where different from Rent Register entry

N/A

8. For information only:

(a) The fair rent to be registered is not limited by the Rent Acts (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999, because it is below the maximum fair rent of £ 2,477.50 per calendar month prescribed by the Order.

[NAME] of decision 31 January 2025

FR27 MAXIMUM FAIR RENT CALCULATION

LATEST RPI FIGURE X 390.7

PREVIOUS RPI FIGURE Y 347.6

X 390.7 Minus Y 347.6 = (A) 43.1

(A) 43.1 Divided by Y 347.6 = (B) 0.124

First application for re-registration since 1 February 1999 NO

If yes (B) plus 1.075 = (C)

If no (B) plus 1.05 = (C) 1.174

Last registered rent* 2110 Multiplied by (C) = 2,477.12 *(exclusive of any variable service charge)

Rounded up to nearest 50p = 2477.50

Variable service charge NO If YES add amount for services N/A

MAXIMUM FAIR RENT = £2,477.50 Per Calendar month

Explanatory Note

1. The calculation of the maximum fair rent, in accordance with the formula contained in the Order, is set out above.

2. In summary, the formula provides for the maximum fair rent to be calculated by:

(a) increasing the previous registered rent by the percentage change in the retail price index (the RPI) since the date of that earlier registration and

(b) adding a further 7.5% (if the present application was the first since 1 February 1999) or 5% (if it is a second or subsequent application since that date).

A 7.5% increase is represented, in the calculation set out above, by the addition of 1.075 to (B) and an increase of 5% is represented by the addition of 1.05 to (B).

The result is rounded up to the nearest 50 pence.

3. For the purposes of the calculation the latest RPI figure (x) is that published in the calendar month immediately before the month in which the Tribunal’s fair rent determination was made.

4. The process differs where the tenancy agreement contains a variable service charge and the rent is to be registered as variable under section 71(4) of the Rent Act 1977. In such a case the variable service charge is removed before applying the formula. When the amount determined by the application of the formula is ascertained the service charge is then added to that sum in order to produce the maximum fair rent.

1

Case Reference

: LON/00AW/F77/2024/0682

Property : [ADDRESS], [POSTCODE]

Tenant

: [NAME] [APPELLANT]

Landlord : [APPELLANT] c/o [RESPONDENT] of Objection : 9 October 2024

Type of Application : Section 70, Rent Act 1977

Tribunal

: Mr [NAME]

: 31 January 2025

_______________________________________________

DECISION

The sum of £2,190 per calendar month will be registered as the fair rent with effect from 31 January 2025, being the date the Tribunal made the Decision. ____________________________________

© CROWN COPYRIGHT 2025

SUMMARY REASONS

FIRST - TIER TRIBUNAL PROPERTY CHAMBER (RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY)

2 Background

1. Following an objection from the Landlord to the determination of a fair rent by the Rent Officer, the Tribunal has made a determination under the provisions of the Rent Act 1977.

Inspection

2. The Tribunal did not inspect the property but considered this case on the basis of the papers provided by the parties.

Evidence

3. The Tribunal has consideration of the written submissions provided by the Tenant and the Landlord.

Determination and Valuation

4. Having consideration of the evidence proved by the parties and our own expert, general knowledge of rental values in the area, we consider that the open market rent for the property in good tenantable condition would be in the region of £3,650 per calendar month. From this level of rent we have made adjustments in relation to:

Condition No double glazing

Tenant repair and decoration liability

Tenant white goods, furniture, floor and window coverings

5. The Tribunal has also made an adjustment for scarcity.

6. The full valuation is shown below:

per calendar month Market Rent

£3,650

Less Condition

) Total Single glazing

) approx. Tenant repair and internal decoration liability ) 25% Tenant white goods, furniture, floor coverings )

£ 912.50

£2737.50

Less Scarcity

approx. 20%

£547.50

£2190.00

7. The Tribunal determines a rent of £2,190.00 per calendar month.

3 Decision

8. The uncapped fair rent initially determined by the Tribunal, for the purposes of section 70, was £2190 per calendar month. The capped rent for the property according to the provisions of the Rent Acts (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999 is calculated at £2477.50 per calendar month. The calculation of the capped rent is shown on the decision form. In this case the lower rent of £2,190 per calendar month is to be registered as the fair rent for this property.

Chairman: [NAME]: 31 January 2025

APPEAL PROVISIONS

These summary reasons are provided to give the parties an indication as to how the Tribunal made its decision. If either party wishes to appeal this decision, they should first make a request for full reasons and the details of how to appeal will be set out in the full reasons. Any request for full reasons should be made within a month. Any subsequent application for permission to appeal should be made on Form RP PTA

1

Case Reference

: LON/00AW/F77/2024/0682

Property : [ADDRESS], [POSTCODE]

Tenant

: [NAME] [APPELLANT] : [APPELLANT] c/o [RESPONDENT] of Objection : 9 October 2024

Type of Application : Section 70, Rent Act 1977

Tribunal

: Mr [NAME]

: 7 March 2025

_______________________________________________

DECISION

© CROWN COPYRIGHT 2025

REASONS

2 These reasons have been prepared following a request from the Landlord for full reasons following receipt of the summary reasons dated 31 January 2025.

Background

1. The Landlord applied to the Rent Officer for the registration of a fair rent for this property on 30 August 2024.

2. A fair rent of £2,160 per calendar month was registered on 20 September 2024 following the application, such rent to have effect from 3 November 2024. The Landlord subsequently challenged the registered rent, and the Rent Officer has requested the matter be referred to the tribunal for determination.

3. Directions were issued on 27 November 2024 by the Tribunal.

4. The parties were invited to submit any relevant information and submissions. The Tribunal received a completed reply form from the Tenant, but not from the Landlord.

5. Neither than Landlord or Tenant requested a Hearing or Inspection.

6. The Tribunal did not inspect the property and considered the case on the basis of the information provided by the rent officer and Tenant.

Evidence

7. The Tribunal has consideration of the written submissions provided by the Tenant. There were no written submissions from the Landlord before the Tribunal.

8. The Tenant’s completed reply form provides an overview of the property and accommodation within it. The reply form provides dimensions of the rooms and a summary of the condition of each room. The Tenant refers to cracks in walls and creaky, uneven floors and dated floor coverings. There is also reference to difficult to open single-glazed windows. The Tenant also refers to a total of four radiators in the flat, which are not deemed adequate and have to be supplemented with electric heaters. The Tenant also states that improvements- tiling the floor and partial wall tiling of the bathroom were paid for by the Tenants.

The Law

9. When determining a fair rent the Tribunal, in accordance with the Rent Act 1977, section 70, “the Act”, had regard to all the circumstances including the age, location and state of repair of the

3 property. It also disregarded the effect of (a) any relevant tenant's improvements and (b) the effect of any disrepair or other defect attributable to the tenant or any predecessor in title under the regulated tenancy, on the rental value of the property.

10. In [COMPANY] v Chairman of the Greater Manchester etc. Committee (1995) and [NAME] v [NAME] [1999] the Court of Appeal emphasised that

ordinarily a fair rent is the market rent for the property discounted for 'scarcity'. This is that element, if any, of the market rent, that is attributable to there being a significant shortage of similar properties in the wider locality available for letting on similar terms.

11. The Tribunal are aware that [NAME] v [NAME] (1999) QB.92 is a relevant authority in registered rent determination. This authority states where good market rental comparable evidence i.e., assured shorthold tenancies is available enabling the identification of a market rent as a starting point it is wrong to rely on registered rents. The decision stated: “If there are market rent comparables from which the fair rent can be derived why bother with fair rent comparables at all”.

12. The market rents charged for assured tenancy lettings often form appropriate comparable transactions from which a scarcity deduction is made.

13. These market rents are also adjusted where appropriate to reflect any relevant differences between those of the subject and comparable rental properties.

14. The Upper Tribunal in Trustees of the Israel Moss Children’s Trust v Bandy [2015] explained the duty of the First Tier Tribunal to present comprehensive and cogent fair rent findings. These directions are applied in this decision.

15. The Rent Acts (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999 applies to all dwelling houses where an application for the registration of a new rent is made after the date of the Order and there is an existing registered rent under part IV of the Act. This article restricts any rental increase to 5% above the previously registered rent plus retail price indexation (RPI) since the last registered rent. The relevant registered rent in this matter was registered on 22 September 2022 at £2,110 per calendar month. The rent registered on 20 September 2024 subject to the current objection and subsequent determination by the Tribunal is not relevant to this calculation.

Valuation

16. In the first instance the Tribunal determined what rent the Landlord could reasonably be expected to obtain for the property in the open

4 market if it were let on 31 January 2025 in the condition and on the terms that are considered usual for such an open market letting.

17. No comparable evidence was submitted to the Tribunal by either the Landlord or the Tenant.

18. Accordingly, the Tribunal considered the rent in line with its expert knowledge of rents in the local area of the subject property. The Tribunal determined that a rent of £3,650 per calendar month for the subject property, were it let on the open market in the condition and on the terms considered usual for such a letting, would be appropriate.

19. This hypothetical rent is adjusted as necessary to allow for the differences between the terms and conditions considered usual for such a letting and the condition of the actual property at the date of the determination. Any rental benefit derived from Tenant’s improvements is disregarded. It is also necessary to disregard the effect of any disrepair or other defects attributable to the Tenant or any predecessor in title.

20. An adjustment of 25% was made to account for Tenant responsibility for internal fixtures and decoration at the property, Tenant’s providing white goods, floor coverings, curtains and other similar furnishings at the property and to account for the lack of double-glazing in the property, and the condition outlined by the Tenant in their completed reply form.

21. The provisions of section 70(2) of the Rent Act 1977 in effect require the elimination of what is called “scarcity”. The required assumption is of a neutral market. Where a Tribunal considers that there is, in fact, substantial scarcity, it must make an adjustment to the rent to reflect that circumstance. In the present case neither party provided evidence with regard to scarcity.

22. The Tribunal considered the decision of the High Court in [COMPANY] v [NAME] [2002] EWHC 835 (Admin) which required it to consider scarcity over a wide area rather than limit it to a particular locality. West London is considered to be an appropriate area to use as a yardstick for measuring scarcity and it is clear that there is a substantial measure of scarcity in West London.

23. Assessing a scarcity percentage cannot be a precise arithmetical calculation. It can only be a judgement based on the years of experience of members of the Tribunal. The Tribunal therefore relied on its own knowledge and experience of the supply and demand for similar properties on the terms of the regulated tenancy (other than as to rent) and in particular to unfulfilled demand for such accommodation. In doing so, the Tribunal found that there was substantial scarcity in the locality of West London and therefore made

5 a further deduction of 20% from the adjusted market rent to reflect this element.

24. The valuation of a fair rent is an exercise that relies upon relevant market rent comparable transactions and property specific adjustments. The fair rents charged for other similar properties in the locality do not form relevant transaction evidence.

25. The valuation workings are shown as follows:

per calendar month Market Rent

£3,650

Less Condition

) Total Single glazing

£ 912.50

£2737.50

Less Scarcity

approx. 20%

£547.50

£2190.00

26. The uncapped fair rent initially determined by the Tribunal, for the purposes of section 70, was £2190 per calendar month. The capped rent for the property according to the provisions of the Rent Acts (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999 is calculated at £2477.50 per calendar month. The calculation of the capped rent is shown on the decision form. In this case the lower rent of £2,190 per calendar month is to be registered as the fair rent for this property.

27. The statutory formula applied to the previously registered rent is at Appendix A.

28. Details of the maximum fair rent calculations are provided with the attached notice of decision.

29. Accordingly, the sum that will be registered as a fair rent with effect from 31 January 2025 is £2,190 per calendar month.

Chairman: [NAME]: 7 March 2025

6 Appendix A The Rents Act (Maximum Fair Rent) Order 1999 (1) Where this article applies, the amount to be registered as the rent of the dwelling-house under Part IV shall not, subject to paragraph (5), exceed the maximum fair rent calculated in accordance with the formula set out in paragraph (2).

(2) The formula is:

MFR = LR [1 + (x-y) +P]

y

where:

• 'MFR' is the maximum fair rent; • 'LR' is the amount of the existing registered rent to the dwelling- house; • 'x' is the index published in the month immediately preceding the month in which the determination of a fair rent is made under Part IV; • 'y' is the published index for the month in which the rent was last registered under Part IV before the date of the application for registration of a new rent; and • 'P' is 0.075 for the first application for rent registration of the dwelling-house after this Order comes into force and 0.05 for every subsequent application.

(3) Where the maximum fair rent calculated in accordance with paragraph (2) is not an integral multiple of 50 pence the maximum fair rent shall be that amount rounded up to the nearest integral multiple of 50 pence.

(4) If (x-y) + P is less than zero the maximum fair rent shall be the y existing registered rent.

7 Rights of appeal By rule 36(2) of the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Property Chamber) Rules 2013, the Tribunal is required to notify the parties about any right of appeal they may have. If a party wishes to appeal this decision to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber), then a written application for permission must be made to the First-tier Tribunal at the Regional Office which has been dealing with the case. The application should be made on Form RP PTA available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/form-rp-pta-application-for- permission-to-appeal-a-decision-to-the-upper-tribunal-lands-chamber The application for permission to appeal must arrive at the Regional Office within 28 days after the Tribunal sends written reasons for the decision to the person making the application. If the application is not made within the 28-day time limit, such application must include a request for an extension of time and the reason for not complying with the 28-day time limit; the Tribunal will then look at such reason(s) and decide whether to allow the application for permission to appeal to proceed, despite not being within the time limit. The application for permission to appeal must identify the decision of the Tribunal to which it relates (i.e. give the date, the property and the case number), state the grounds of appeal and state the result the party making the application is seeking. Please note that if you are seeking permission to appeal against a decision made by the Tribunal under the Rent Act 1977, the Housing Act 1988 or the Local Government and Housing Act 1989, this can only be on a point of law. If the Tribunal refuses to grant permission to appeal, a further application for permission may be made to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber).