Landlord and Tenant Act 1985
Sections and provisions with full text and the judgments that cite each one.
Section 1 — Disclosure of landlord’s identity.
Disclosure of landlord’s identity. 1 1 If the tenant of premises occupied as a dwelling makes a written request for the landlord’s name and address to— a any person who demands, or the last person…
Section 2 — Disclosure of directors, &c. of corporate landlord.
Disclosure of directors, &c. of corporate landlord. 2 1 Where a tenant is supplied under section 1 with the name and address of his landlord and the landlord is a body corporate, he may make a…
Section 3 — Duty to inform tenant of assignment of landlord’s interest.
Duty to inform tenant of assignment of landlord’s interest. 3 1 If the interest of the landlord under a tenancy of premises which consist of or include a dwelling is assigned, the new landlord shall…
Section 3A — Duty to inform tenant of possible right to acquire landlord’s interest.
Duty to inform tenant of possible right to acquire landlord’s interest. 3A 1 Where a new landlord is required by section 3(1) to give notice to a tenant of an assignment to him, then if— a the tenant…
Section 4 — Provision of rent books.
Provision of rent books. 4 1 Where a tenant has a right to occupy premises as a residence in consideration of a rent payable weekly, the landlord shall provide a rent book or other similar document…
Section 4A — Effect of change of landlord
Effect of change of landlord 4A 1 This paragraph applies where, at a time when a duty imposed on the landlord or a superior landlord by virtue of any of paragraphs 2 to 4 remains to be discharged by…
Section 5 — Information to be contained in rent books.
Information to be contained in rent books. 5 1 A rent book or other similar document provided in pursuance of section 4 shall contain notice of the name and address of the landlord of the premises…
Section 6 — Information to be supplied by companies.
Information to be supplied by companies. 6 1 Where the landlord of premises to which section 4(1) applies (premises occupied as a residence at a weekly rent) is a company, and the tenant serves on…
Section 7 — Offences.
Offences. 7 1 If the landlord of premises to which section 4(1) applies (premises occupied as a residence at a weekly rent) fails to comply with any relevant requirement of— section 4 (provision of…
Section 8 — Implied terms as to fitness for human habitation : Wales .
Implied terms as to fitness for human habitation : Wales . 8 1 In a contract to which this section applies for the letting of a house in Wales for human habitation there is implied, notwithstanding…
Section 9 — Application of s. 8 to certain houses occupied by agricultural workers.
Application of s. 8 to certain houses occupied by agricultural workers. 9 1 Where under the contract of employment of a worker employed in agriculture the provision of a house for his occupation…
Section 9A — Fitness for human habitation of dwellings in England
Fitness for human habitation of dwellings in England 9A 1 In a lease to which this section applies of a dwelling in England (see section 9B), there is implied a covenant by the lessor that the…
Section 9B — Leases to which section 9A applies
Leases to which section 9A applies 9B 1 Section 9A applies to a lease under which a dwelling is let wholly or mainly for human habitation if either of the following applies— a the lease is for a term…
Section 9C — Application of section 9A to certain dwellings occupied by agricultural workers
Application of section 9A to certain dwellings occupied by agricultural workers 9C 1 This section applies where under a contract of employment of a worker employed in agriculture— a the provision of…
Section 10 — Fitness for human habitation.
Fitness for human habitation. 10 1 In determining for the purposes of this Act whether a house or dwelling is unfit for human habitation, regard shall be had to its condition in respect of the…
Section 10A — Remedying of hazards occurring in dwellings let on relevant social housing leases
Remedying of hazards occurring in dwellings let on relevant social housing leases 10A 1 This section applies to a lease of a dwelling if— a the dwelling is in England, b the lease is a relevant…
Section 10B — Regulations section 10A: supplementary provision
Regulations section 10A: supplementary provision 10B 1 Regulations under section 10A(3) may apply to— a leases granted before the day when section 42 of the Social Housing (Regulation) Act 2023 came…
Section 11 — Repairing obligations in short leases.
Repairing obligations in short leases. 11 1 In a lease to which this section applies (as to which, see sections 13 and 14) there is implied a covenant by the lessor— a to keep in repair the structure…
Section 12 — Restriction on contracting out of s. 11.
Restriction on contracting out of s. 11. 12 1 A covenant or agreement, whether contained in a lease to which section 11 applies or in an agreement collateral to such a lease, is void in so far as it…
Section 13 — Leases to which s. 11 applies: general rule.
Leases to which s. 11 applies: general rule. 13 1 Section 11 (repairing obligations) applies to a lease of a dwelling-house granted on or after 24th October 1961 for a term of less than seven years.…
Section 14 — Leases to which s. 11 applies: exceptions.
Leases to which s. 11 applies: exceptions. 14 1 Section 11 (repairing obligations) does not apply to a new lease granted to an existing tenant, or to a former tenant still in possession, if the…
Section 15 — Jurisdiction of county court.
Jurisdiction of county court. 15 The county court has jurisdiction to make a declaration that section 11 (repairing obligations) applies, or does not apply, to a lease— a whatever the net annual…
Section 16 — Meaning of “lease” and related expressions.
Meaning of “lease” and related expressions. 16 In sections 11 to 15 (repairing obligations in short leases)— a “ lease ” does not include a mortgage term; b “ lease of a dwelling-house ” means a…
Section 17 — Specific performance of landlord’s repairing obligations.
Specific performance of landlord’s repairing obligations. 17 1 In proceedings in which a tenant of a dwelling alleges a breach on the part of his landlord of a repairing covenant relating to any part…
Section 18 — Meaning of “service charge” and “relevant costs”.
Meaning of “service charge” and “relevant costs”. 18 1 In the following provisions of this Act “ service charge ” means an amount payable by a tenant of a dwelling as part of or in addition to the…
Section 19 — Limitation of service charges: reasonableness.
Limitation of service charges: reasonableness. 19 1 Relevant costs shall be taken into account in determining the amount of a service charge payable for a period— a only to the extent that they are…
Section 20A — Limitation of service charges: grant-aided works.
Limitation of service charges: grant-aided works. 20A Where relevant costs are incurred or to be incurred on the carrying out of works in respect of which a grant has been or is to be paid under…
Section 20ZA — Consultation requirements: supplementary
Consultation requirements: supplementary 20ZA 1 Where an application is made to the appropriate tribunal for a determination to dispense with all or any of the consultation requirements in relation…
Section 20B — Limitation of service charges: time limit on making demands.
Limitation of service charges: time limit on making demands. 20B 1 If any of the relevant costs taken into account in determining the amount of any service charge were incurred more than 18 months…
Section 20D — Limitation of service charges: remediation works
Limitation of service charges: remediation works 20D 1 This section applies to works of a prescribed description (“remediation works”) on a building in England of a prescribed description. 2 The…
Section 20E — Regulations under section 20D
Regulations under section 20D 20E 1 In this section “ regulations ” means regulations under section 20D . 2 Regulations are to be made by statutory instrument. 3 A power to make regulations includes…
Section 20F — Limitation of service charges: excluded costs for higher-risk buildings
Limitation of service charges: excluded costs for higher-risk buildings 20F 1 This section applies in relation to a lease to which section 30D (higher-risk buildings: building safety costs) applies.…
Section 20J — Limitation of variable service charges: non-litigation costs of enfranchisement etc
Limitation of variable service charges: non-litigation costs of enfranchisement etc 20J 1 Non-litigation costs incurred, or to be incurred, by a landlord in connection with a relevant claim are not…
Section 20K — Right to claim where non-litigation costs charged contrary to section 20J
Right to claim where non-litigation costs charged contrary to section 20J 20K 1 This section applies if, despite section 20J (1) , a non-participating tenant in relation to a relevant claim pays a…
Section 21 — Service charge information
Service charge information 21 1 The appropriate national authority may make regulations about the provision, by landlords of dwellings to each tenant by whom service charges are payable, of…
Section 21A — Withholding of service charges
Withholding of service charges 21A 1 A tenant may withhold payment of a service charge if— a the landlord has not provided him with information or a report— i at the time at which, or ii (as the case…
Section 21B — Notice to accompany demands for service charges
Notice to accompany demands for service charges 21B 1 A demand for the payment of a service charge must be accompanied by a summary of the rights and obligations of tenants of dwellings in relation…
Section 22 — Request to inspect supporting accounts &c.
Request to inspect supporting accounts &c. 22 1 This section applies where a tenant, or the secretary of a recognised tenants’ association, has obtained such a summary as is referred to in section…
Section 23 — Request relating to information held by superior landlord.
Request relating to information held by superior landlord. 23 1 If a request under section 21 (request for summary of relevant costs) relates in whole or in part to relevant costs incurred by or on…
Section 23A — Effect of change of landlord
Effect of change of landlord 23A 1 This section applies where, at a time when a duty imposed on the landlord or a superior landlord by or by virtue of any of sections 21 to 23 remains to be…
Section 24 — Effect of assignment on request.
Effect of assignment on request. 24 The assignment of a tenancy does not affect the validity of a request made under section 21, 22 or 23 before the assignment; but a person is not obliged to provide…
Section 25 — Failure to comply with s. 21, 22 or 23 an offence.
Failure to comply with s. 21, 22 or 23 an offence. 25 1 It is a summary offence for a person to fail, without reasonable excuse, to perform a duty imposed on him by section 21, 22 or 23. 2 A person…
Section 26 — Exception: tenants of certain public authorities.
Exception: tenants of certain public authorities. 26 1 Sections 18 to 25 (limitation on service charges and requests for information about costs) do not apply to a service charge payable by a tenant…
Section 27 — Exception: rent registered and not entered as variable.
Exception: rent registered and not entered as variable. 27 Sections 18 to 25 (limitation on service charges and requests for information about costs) do no apply to a service charge payable by the…
Section 28 — Meaning of “qualified accountant”.
Meaning of “qualified accountant”. 28 1 The reference to a “ qualified accountant ” in section 21(6) (certification of summary of information about relevant costs) is to a person who, in accordance…
Section 29 — Meaning of “recognised tenants’ association”.
Meaning of “recognised tenants’ association”. 29 1 A recognised tenants’ association is an association of qualifying tenants (whether with or without other tenants) which is recognised for purposes…
Section 29A — Tenants' associations: power to request information about tenants
Tenants' associations: power to request information about tenants 29A 1 The Secretary of State may by regulations impose duties on a landlord to provide the secretary of a relevant tenants'…
Section 30 — Meaning of “landlord”, “tenant” etc .
Meaning of “landlord”, “tenant” etc . 30 In the provisions of this Act relating to service charges— . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ landlord ” includes any person…
Section 30A — Rights of tenants with respect to insurance.
Rights of tenants with respect to insurance. 30A The Schedule to this Act (which confers on tenants certain rights with respect to the insurance of their dwellings) shall have effect.
Section 30B — Recognised tenants’ associations to be consulted about managing agents.
Recognised tenants’ associations to be consulted about managing agents. 30B 1 A recognised tenants’ association may at any time serve a notice on the landlord requesting him to consult the…