Landlord Granted Dispensation for Urgent Boiler Replacement

OUTCOME: Allowed

Case Reference

Property

Applicant

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Respondent

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Type of Application

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FIRST-TIER TRIBUNAL PROPERTY CHAMBER (RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY)

HAV/00HQ/LDC/2025/0702

[ADDRESS], [POSTCODE]

[COMPANY]

The [NAME]

To dispense with the requirement to consult [NAME] about major works section 20ZA of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985

Deputy Regional Judge Skinner

30 September 2025

DECISION

© CROWN COPYRIGHT

This is a formal order of the Tribunal which must be complied with by the parties.

Communications to the Tribunal MUST be made by email to [EMAIL]. All communications must clearly state the Case Number and address of the premises.

Summary of the Decision

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The Applicant is granted dispensation under Section 20ZA of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 from the consultation requirements imposed on the landlord by Section 20 of the 1985 Act in relation to the works required to replace the current broken boiler at [ADDRESS], [POSTCODE], conditional upon the Applicant providing a copy of this decision to each and every leaseholder.

The Tribunal’s decision to grant dispensation is limited to only the works and costs associated with the replacement of the broken boiler identified in the Section 20 notice as identified in the Application and at paragraph 6 below.

3. The Tribunal has made no determination on whether the

costs of the works are reasonable or payable.

Background

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The Applicant seeks dispensation under Section 20ZA of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 from the consultation requirements imposed on the landlord by Section 20 of the 1985 Act. The application was received on 19 August 2025.

The property is described as a:

Woodlands is a block of 17 apartments aimed at later living. As a block only those over 60 may reside. The apartments are self contained with communal spaces for community gatherings. A manger is on site to assist retirees.

The development is heated by gas boilers, which feed the apartments, which themselves have Heating Interface Units (HIU’s) to assist with heating and hot water services.

The property is approaching 10 years old. [NAME] ages range from 60 to 92 years old.

The Applicant explains that:

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The development is serviced by two boilers. This provides heating and hot water to [NAME] apartments and the communal areas. One of the boilers has broken down and requires replacement. The second boiler is now taking the load and suffering. There have been failures of the second boiler which has resulted in [NAME] not having heating and hot water for long periods of time whilst engineers attend to the working boiler.

A Section20 – Notice of Intention has been issued to all [NAME] notifying them of our intention to replace the boiler.

Two meetings have been held with 4 members of the development (which comprises 17 apartments) to explain the situation. It is their request (and they speak on behalf of all [NAME]) that dispensation is sought to proceed with a replacement boiler

Two quotes have been obtained and shared with the [NAME] so they are aware of the cost to the service charge. The fund will be taken from the Reserve Fund.

There are vulnerable [NAME] (some over 90 years of age) that require heating and hot water to ensure their standard of living is maintained, their health is not compromised and they have the facilities to support their independent living needs.

The failure of the working boiler is a concern and [NAME] are worried, which is an issue for elderly [NAME] as they are not able to regularly and freely leave the premises to get alternative assistance.

The Tribunal gave Directions on 26 August 2025 listing the steps to be taken by the parties in preparation for the determination of the dispute, if any.

The Directions stated that Tribunal would determine the application on the papers received unless a party objected in writing to the Tribunal within 7 days of the date of receipt of the Directions. No party has objected to the application being determined on the papers.

The only issue for the Tribunal is whether or not it is reasonable to dispense with the statutory consultation requirements. This application is not about the proposed costs of the works, and whether they are recoverable from the [NAME] as service charges or the possible application or effect of the Building Safety Act 2022. The [NAME] have the right to make a separate application to the Tribunal under section 27A of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 to determine the reasonableness of the costs, and the contribution payable through the service charges.

The Law

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Section 20 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 (“the Act”) and the related Regulations provide that where [NAME] undertakes qualifying works with a cost of more than £250 per lease the relevant contribution of each [NAME] (jointly where more than one under any given lease) will be limited to that sum unless the required consultations have been undertaken or the requirement has been dispensed with by the Tribunal. An application may be made retrospectively.

The relevant section of the Act reads as follows:

S.20 ZA Consultation requirements:

Where an application is made to a Leasehold Valuation Tribunal for a determination to dispense with all or any of the consultation requirements in relation to any qualifying works or qualifying long- term agreement, the Tribunal may make the determination if satisfied that it is reasonable to dispense with the requirements.

The appropriate approach to be taken by the Tribunal in the exercise of its discretion was considered by the Supreme Court in the case of [COMPANY] v [NAME] et al [2013] UKSC 14.

The leading judgment of Lord [NAME] explained that a Tribunal should focus on the question of whether the [NAME] will be or had been prejudiced in either paying where that was not appropriate or in paying more than appropriate because the failure of [NAME] to comply with the regulations. The requirements were held to give practical effect to those two objectives and were a means to an end, not an end in themselves.

The factual burden of demonstrating prejudice falls on the [NAME]. The [NAME] must identify what would have been said if able to engage in a consultation process. If the [NAME] advances a credible case for having been prejudiced, [NAME] must rebut it. The Tribunal should be sympathetic to the [NAME](s).

Where the extent, quality and cost of the works were in no way affected by [NAME]’s failure to comply, Lord [NAME] said as follows:

I find it hard to see why the dispensation should not be granted (at least in the absence of some very good reason): in such a case the tenants would be in precisely the position that the legislation intended them to be- i.e. as if the requirements had been complied with.

The main, indeed normally, the sole question, as described by Lord [NAME], for the Tribunal to determine is therefore whether, or not, the [NAME] will be or has been caused relevant prejudice by a failure of the Applicant to undertake the consultation prior to the major works and so whether dispensation in respect of that should be granted.

The question is one of the reasonableness of dispensing with the process of consultation provided for in the Act, not one of the reasonableness of the charges of works arising or which have arisen.

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If dispensation is granted, that may be on terms.

There have been subsequent Decisions of the higher Courts and Tribunals of assistance in the application of the Decision in Daejan but none are relied upon or therefore require specific mention in this Decision.

Consideration

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The Directions attached a reply form for the Respondents to complete to confirm whether they agreed with the application or not and if opposed, to provide a statement setting out why they oppose.

[NAME] (through [NAME]) 12, 15, and 16 have all returned the reply form, confirming their agreement to the application. The Applicant indicated to the Tribunal that Replies had been received from all remaining flats confirming their agreement to the application although copies of those replies were not provided to the Tribunal.

Having considered the application and prior to undertaking this determination, I am satisfied that a determination on the papers remains appropriate, given that the application remains unchallenged.

The reason why dispensation from consultation requirements is said to be required is due to the urgent need to replace the broken boiler to ensure the [NAME] of the Property are not left without heating or hot water. The Applicant advises that the [NAME] of the Property are vulnerable and that the second boiler currently providing heating and hot water is taking additional load and strain resulting in some failures to that second boiler. Given the nature of the works and the fact that it related to the safety and welfare of the building and its occupants, I am satisfied that the qualifying works were of an urgent nature.

There has been no objection to the dispensation of the consultation requirements from any of the [NAME].

None of the [NAME] have therefore asserted that any prejudice has been caused to them. The Tribunal finds that nothing different would be done or achieved in the event of a full consultation with the [NAME], except for the potential delay and potential problems.

The Tribunal finds that the Respondents have not suffered any prejudice by the failure of the Applicant to follow the full consultation process.

The Tribunal consequently finds that it is reasonable to dispense with all of the formal consultation requirements in respect of the major works to the building as described in this Decision.

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This Decision is confined to determination of the issue of dispensation from the consultation requirements in respect of the qualifying works relating only to the replacement of the broken boiler as outlined at paragraph 6. The Tribunal has made no determination on whether the costs are payable or reasonable. If a [NAME] wishes to challenge the payability or reasonableness of those costs, then a separate application under section 27A of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 would have to be made.

In reaching my decision I have taken account of the fact that no party has objected to the application. The [NAME] have had opportunity to raise any objection and they have not done so. I do however Direct that the dispensation is conditional upon the Applicant or their agent sending a copy of this decision to all the [NAME] so that they are aware of the same.

RIGHTS OF APPEAL

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A person wishing to appeal this decision to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) must seek permission to do so by making written application to the First-tier Tribunal at the Regional office which has been dealing with the case by email at [EMAIL]

The application must arrive at the Tribunal within 28 days after the Tribunal sends to the person making the application written reasons for the decision.

If the person wishing to appeal does not comply with the 28- day time limit, the person shall include with the application for permission to appeal a request for an extension of time and the reason for not complying with the 28- day time limit; the Tribunal will then decide whether to extend time or not to allow the application for permission to appeal to proceed.

The application for permission to appeal must identify the decision of the Tribunal to which it relates, state the grounds of appeal, and state the result the party making the application is seeking.

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