Criminal Code
Sections and provisions with full text and the judgments that cite each one.
Section 440 — Removing natural bar without permission
Every person who knowingly and without the written permission of the Minister of Transport removes any stone, wood, earth or other material that forms a natural bar necessary to the existence of a…
Section 441 — Occupant injuring building
Every person who, intentionally and to the prejudice of a mortgagee, a hypothecary creditor or an owner, pulls down, demolishes or removes all or any part of a dwelling-house or other building of…
Section 442 — Interfering with boundary lines
Every one who wilfully pulls down, defaces, alters or removes anything planted or set up as the boundary line or part of the boundary line of land is guilty of an offence punishable on summary…
Section 443 — Interfering with international boundary marks, etc.
Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who intentionally pulls…
Section 444
[Repealed, 2018, c. 29, s. 52]
Section 445 — Injuring or endangering other animals
Every one commits an offence who, wilfully and without lawful excuse, kills, maims, wounds, poisons or injures dogs, birds or animals that are kept for a lawful purpose; or places poison in such a…
Section 445.01 — Killing or injuring certain animals
Every one commits an offence who, wilfully and without lawful excuse, kills, maims, wounds, poisons or injures a law enforcement animal while it is aiding a law enforcement officer in carrying out…
Section 445.1 — Causing unnecessary suffering
Every one commits an offence who wilfully causes or, being the owner, wilfully permits to be caused unnecessary pain, suffering or injury to an animal or a bird; in any manner encourages, aids,…
Section 445.2 — Definition of cetacean
In this section, cetacean includes any member of the cetacean order, including a whale, dolphin or porpoise. Subject to subsections (2.1) to (3.1), every person commits an offence who owns, has the…
Section 446 — Causing damage or injury
Every one commits an offence who by wilful neglect causes damage or injury to animals or birds while they are being driven or conveyed; or being the owner or the person having the custody or control…
Section 447 — Arena for animal fighting
Everyone commits an offence who builds, makes, maintains or keeps an arena for animal fighting on premises that he or she owns or occupies, or allows such an arena to be built, made, maintained or…
Section 447.1 — Order of prohibition or restitution
The court may, in addition to any other sentence that it may impose under subsection 445(2), 445.1(2), 446(2) or 447(2), make an order prohibiting the accused from owning, having the custody or…
Section 448 — Definitions
In this Part, counterfeit money includes a false coin or false paper money that resembles or is apparently intended to resemble or pass for a current coin or current paper money, a forged bank-note…
Section 449 — Making
Every one who makes or begins to make counterfeit money is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
Section 450 — Possession, etc., of counterfeit money
Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years who, without lawful justification or excuse, buys, receives or offers to buy or receive…
Section 451 — Having clippings, etc.
Every person who, without lawful justification or excuse, has in their custody or possession gold or silver filings, clippings or bullion or gold or silver in dust, solution or otherwise, produced or…
Section 452 — Uttering, etc., counterfeit money
Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years who, without lawful justification or excuse, utters or offers to utter counterfeit…
Section 453 — Uttering coin
Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who, with intent to…
Section 454 — Slugs and tokens
Every person is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who, without lawful excuse, manufactures, produces, sells or has in their possession anything that is intended to be fraudulently…
Section 455 — Clipping and uttering clipped coin
Every one who impairs, diminishes or lightens a current gold or silver coin with intent that it should pass for a current gold or silver coin, or utters a coin knowing that it has been impaired,…
Section 456 — Defacing current coins
Every one who defaces a current coin, or utters a current coin that has been defaced, is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
Section 457 — Likeness of bank-notes
No person shall make, publish, print, execute, issue, distribute or circulate, including by electronic or computer-assisted means, anything in the likeness of a current bank-note; or an obligation or…
Section 458 — Making, having or dealing in instruments for counterfeiting
Every person who, without lawful justification or excuse, makes, repairs, buys, sells or has in their custody or possession any machine, engine, tool, instrument, material or other thing that they…
Section 459 — Conveying instruments for coining out of mint
Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years who, without lawful justification or excuse, knowingly conveys out of any of Her…
Section 460 — Advertising and dealing in counterfeit money, etc.
Every person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction who by an advertisement…
Section 461 — When counterfeit complete
Every offence relating to counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value shall be deemed to be complete notwithstanding that the money or tokens of value in respect of which the proceedings are…
Section 462 — Ownership
Counterfeit money, counterfeit tokens of value and anything that is used or is intended to be used to make counterfeit money or counterfeit tokens of value belong to Her Majesty. A peace officer may…
Section 462.1
[Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 211]
Section 462.2
[Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 211]
Section 462.3 — Definitions
In this Part, designated drug offence [Repealed, 1996, c. 19, s. 68] designated offence means any offence that may be prosecuted as an indictable offence under this or any other Act of Parliament,…
Section 462.31 — Laundering proceeds of crime
Every one commits an offence who uses, transfers the possession of, sends or delivers to any person or place, transports, transmits, alters, disposes of or otherwise deals with, in any manner and by…
Section 462.32 — Special search warrant
Subject to subsection (3), if a judge, on application of the Attorney General, is satisfied by information on oath in Form 1 that there are reasonable grounds to believe that there is in any…
Section 462.321 — Special warrant — digital assets
If, on an application of the Attorney General, a judge is satisfied by information on oath in Form 1, varied to suit the case, that there are reasonable grounds to believe that any digital assets,…
Section 462.33 — Application for restraint order
The Attorney General may make an application in accordance with subsection (2) for a restraint order under subsection (3) in respect of any property. An application made under subsection (1) for a…
Section 462.331 — Management order
With respect to property seized under section 462.32 or 462.321 or restrained under section 462.33, other than a controlled substance , within the meaning of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act ,…
Section 462.34 — Application for review of special warrants and restraint orders
Any person who has an interest in property that was seized under a warrant issued under section 462.32 or 462.321 or in respect of which a restraint order was made under subsection 462.33(3) may, at…
Section 462.341 — Application of property restitution provisions
Subsection 462.34(2), paragraph 462.34(4)(c) and subsections 462.34(5), (5.1) and (5.2) apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to a person who has an interest in money,…
Section 462.35 — Expiration of special warrants and restraint orders
Subject to this section, if property has been seized under a warrant issued under section 462.32 or 462.321 or a restraint order has been made under section 462.33 in relation to property, the…
Section 462.36 — Forwarding to clerk where accused to stand trial
If a judge issues a warrant under section 462.32 or 462.321 or makes a restraint order under section 462.33 in respect of any property, the clerk of the court shall, when an accused is ordered to…
Section 462.37 — Order of forfeiture of property
Subject to this section and sections 462.39 to 462.41, if an offender is convicted, or discharged under section 730, of a designated offence and the court imposing sentence on or discharging the…
Section 462.371 — Definition of order
In this section, order means an order made under section 462.37 or 462.38. An order may be executed anywhere in Canada. Where the Attorney General of a province in which property that is the subject…
Section 462.38 — Application for forfeiture
Where an information has been laid in respect of a designated offence, the Attorney General may make an application to a judge for an order of forfeiture under subsection (2) in respect of any…
Section 462.39 — Inference
For the purpose of subsection 462.37(1) or 462.38(2), the court may infer that property was obtained or derived as a result of the commission of a designated offence where evidence establishes that…
Section 462.4 — Voidable transfers
A court may, prior to ordering property to be forfeited under subsection 462.37(1) or (2.01) or 462.38(2), and in the case of property in respect of which a restraint order was made under section…
Section 462.41 — Notice
Before making an order under subsection 462.37(1) or (2.01) or 462.38(2) in relation to any property, a court shall require notice in accordance with subsection (2) to be given to and may hear any…
Section 462.42 — Application by person claiming interest for relief from forfeiture
Any person who claims an interest in property that is forfeited to Her Majesty under subsection 462.37(1) or (2.01) or 462.38(2) may, within thirty days after the forfeiture, apply by notice in…
Section 462.43 — Residual disposal of property seized or dealt with under special warrants or restraint orders
If property has been seized under a warrant issued under section 462.32 or 462.321, a restraint order has been made under section 462.33 in relation to any property or a recognizance has been entered…
Section 462.44 — Appeals from certain orders
Any person who considers that they are aggrieved by an order made under subsection 462.38(2) or 462.41(3) or section 462.43 may appeal from the order as if the order were an appeal against conviction…
Section 462.45 — Suspension of forfeiture pending appeal
Despite anything in this Part, the operation of an order of forfeiture or restoration of property under subsection 462.34(4), 462.37(1) or (2.01), 462.38(2) or 462.41(3) or section 462.43 is…
Section 462.46 — Copies of documents returned or forfeited
If any document is returned or ordered to be returned, forfeited or otherwise dealt with under subsection 462.34(3) or (4), 462.37(1) or (2.01), 462.38(2) or 462.41(3) or section 462.43, the Attorney…